Answer: (D) All of the above
Explanation: Complex carbohydrates are a type of carbohydrate that includes polysaccharides such as glycogen, cellulose, and starch. These molecules are composed of many glucose units linked together in long chains. This structural complexity allows them to serve various functions in the body, such as energy storage and providing structural support in plants. Therefore, all the options listed are correct descriptions of complex carbohydrates.

Answer: (B) Glucose
Explanation: The brain relies almost entirely on glucose for its energy needs. Glucose is the primary fuel for brain cells, and because the brain has a high demand for energy, it requires a constant supply of glucose from the bloodstream. While other nutrients like fatty acids and proteins are impor  tant for the body, they are not the brain’s main source of energy. Insulin, on the other hand, is a hormone that helps regulate glucose levels in the blood, but it is not a direct energy source for the brain.

Answer: (C) Fat, Glycogen
Explanation: Glucose is the body’s primary source of energy. For short-term storage, glucose is converted into glycogen, which is stored in the liver and muscles. Glycogen can be quickly broken down back into glucose when the body needs energy. For long-term storage, glucose is converted into fat, which provides a more stable and concentrated energy reserve. Fat is stored in adipose tissue and can be used when glycogen stores are depleted.

Answer: (C) Glucose
Explanation: The liver plays a crucial role in carbohydrate metabolism. After absorption into the bloodstream, monosaccharides such as fructose and galactose are converted into glucose in the liver. Glucose is the primary energy source for the body and is readily utilized by cells for various metabolic processes. This conversion ensures that glucose levels in the blood remain stable, providing a consistent energy supply to the body’s tissues

Answer: (A) Glucose
Explanation: Skeletal muscle cells primarily use glucose as their main energy source during high-intensity activities. While glycogen (stored glucose) is also crucial, glucose is the primary substrate utilized for rapid energy production. Triglycerides and proteins are less immediate sources of energy for muscles, as triglycerides are used for long-term energy storage and proteins are mainly used for repair and growth.

Answer: (C) Maltose
Explanation: Maltose is a disaccharide made up of two glucose molecules linked together. Sucrose consists of glucose and fructose, galactose is a monosaccharide, and lactose is composed of glucose and galactose.

Answer: (B) Polyunsaturated Fats
Explanation: Fish, safflower oil, sunflower oil, and corn oil are rich in polyunsaturated fats. These fats include omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, which are essential for maintaining healthy cell membranes and supporting cardiovascular health. Polyunsaturated fats are known for their beneficial effects on heart health, unlike saturated fats and steroids, which have different roles in the body.

Answer: (D) Coconut
Explanation: Cholesterol is found in animal-based foods, as it is produced in the liver of animals. Butter, cheese, and eggs all come from animals, so they contain cholesterol. Coconut, however, is a plant-based food and does not contain cholesterol.

Answer: (C) HDL
Explanation: HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) is often referred to as “good” cholesterol because it helps transport cholesterol away from the arteries and back to the liver, where it can be processed and removed from the body. This function helps reduce the risk of heart disease. LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein), on the other hand, is known as “bad” cholesterol because it can lead to plaque buildup in arteries, increasing the risk of cardiovascular issues.

Answer: (C) 20 amino acids; 9 are essential
Explanation: Proteins are composed of 20 different amino acids. Out of these, 9 amino acids are considered essential, meaning they cannot be synthesized by the human body and must be obtained through the diet. The correct answer is therefore 20 amino acids in total, with 9 being essentials.